A New Bioassay Platform Design for the Discovery of Small Molecules with Anticancer Immunotherapeutic Activity

Immunotherapy takes advantage of the immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate neoplastic cells. The research in the field has already led to major breakthroughs to treat cancer. In this work, we describe a platform that integrates in vitro bioassays to test the immune response and direct antitumor effects for the preclinical discovery of anticancer candidates. The platform relies on the use of dendritic cells that are professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) able to activate T cells and trigger a primary adaptive immune response. The experimental procedure is based on two phenotypic assays for the selection of chemical leads by both a panel of nine tumor cell lines and growth factor-dependent immature mouse dendritic cells (D1). The positive hits are then validated by a secondary test on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). The aim of this approach is the selection of potential immunotherapeutic small molecules from natural extracts or chemical libraries.     

徽县烤烟新品种适应性研究

为筛选出适宜徽县烟区生态条件的烤烟新品种,在徽县烟区以秦烟96为对照,对2个烤烟品种云烟99、云烟100的生物学性状、抗病性、经济性状、外观质量进行了观察分析。试验结果表明,云烟99经济性状表现最好,产值(51829.93元/hm^2)和均价(22.83元/kg)最高;株型为腰鼓型,主脉稍粗,大田生长势强、整齐一致,分层落黄好,性状稳定,易烘烤,原烟外观质量好;较对照的发病率和病情指数低,抗病性较强。初步确定云烟99适宜在徽县烟区推广种植。     

新疆冬小麦品种萌发期耐盐性综合评价及耐盐种质的筛选

【目的】研究不同类型盐胁迫对新疆冬小麦萌发期的影响,并进行耐盐性综合评价,为新疆小麦萌发期耐盐品种的评价和指标筛选提供理论依据。【方法】测定76份新疆冬小麦品种(系)在NaCl和NaCl∶Na₂SO₄两种不同盐胁迫条件下小麦根数、最长根长、苗高、胚芽鞘长度、发芽势、发芽率等6个性状,利用隶属函数法并通过聚类分析分别对两种盐胁迫条件下冬小麦品种(系)的耐盐性进行筛选,综合评价和筛选新疆冬小麦耐盐性。【结果】与对照处理相比,NaCl和NaCl∶Na₂SO₄两种盐胁迫对新疆冬小麦品种(系)各性状均有明显的抑制作用,其中NaCl单盐胁迫对各性状抑制作用比NaCl∶Na₂SO₄混合盐胁迫抑制程度更大。通过NaCl单盐胁迫条件下聚类分析,新疆冬小麦品种(系)按耐盐性强弱可分为高耐型(6个/占供试材料的7.89%)、耐盐型(15个/19.74%)、中耐型(16个/21.05%)、敏感性(18个/23.68%)和高敏感型(21个/27.63%)等5类。NaCl∶Na₂SO₄混合盐胁迫条件下聚类分析,新疆冬小麦品种(系)按耐盐性强弱也可分为高耐型(13个/占供试材料的17.11%)、耐盐型(10个/13.16%)、中耐型(16个/21.05%)、敏感性(26个/34.21%)和高敏感型(11个/14.47%)等5类。获得高耐NaCL单盐胁迫的品种(系)6份,占供试品种的7.89%;高耐NaCl∶Na₂SO₄混合盐胁迫的品种(系)13份,占供试品种的17.11%。【结论】两种盐胁迫条件下,350 mol/L浓度对小麦种子的萌发有抑制作用,NaCl单盐胁迫和NaCl∶Na₂SO₄混合盐胁迫均为高耐型的品种3份,均是自育品种和引进品种分别为石冬8号、洛夫林10号和新冬7号。     

不同甘蔗品种对低温胁迫的生理响应及耐寒性综合评价

本研究以甘蔗的3个杂交品种（ROC22、Co281、KQ01-1390）和3个原种（28NG16、57NG155、96NG16）为供试材料,研究低温胁迫对成熟期蔗株的形态、叶片的质膜相对透性、蔗茎的渗透调节物质含量及抗氧化酶活性等指标的影响,并对6个品种甘蔗耐寒性进行评价。结果表明：经-3 ℃夜间低温处理3 d后,甘蔗植株均出现叶片干枯、卷曲,生长点损伤或坏死变黑,蔗茎侧芽发黑、变软等症状,纵剖蔗茎可明显看到茎内组织呈水煮状,蔗叶相对电导率上升,蔗茎丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸（Pro）含量和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均上升,蔗茎超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性下降。通过隶属函数法综合评价,6个甘蔗品种耐寒能力依次为：KQ01-1390>Co281>ROC22> 28NG16>57NG155>96NG16,可见供试材料中的甘蔗原种对低温胁迫反应敏感,耐寒性比杂交品种弱。     

‘中蕉9号’在不同移栽期下的产量及品质比较

引进镰刀菌枯萎病4号生理小种高抗品种‘中蕉9号’,在广西南宁1—10月不同时段移栽,以‘桂蕉1号’作为对照,并观察其生长特性、产量和果实品质等表现,以期为广西优异抗病品种的选择提供参考。结果表明,与当地传统品种‘桂蕉1号’相比,‘中蕉9号’在广西种植有较大的产量优势,其平均产量较‘桂蕉1号’高16.2%;2月15日及10月1日移栽期处理产量最高。不同移栽期的‘中蕉9号’生育期较‘桂蕉1号’长140~181 d,且其夏秋季种植较冬春季种植生育期平均延长161 d,主要是由于抽蕾推迟。此外,‘中蕉9号’假茎粗壮,在抽蕾前有较高的叶片光合势和叶面积指数,是其生物量和产量形成的基础。品质方面,1月1日移栽的‘中蕉9号’果实催熟后总糖和可滴定酸含量较‘桂蕉1号’分别高出29.0%和63.0%,而脂肪含量显著低于‘桂蕉1号’,‘中蕉9号’果实表现出高糖、高酸、低脂的特点。综上,‘中蕉9号’在广西种植有一定产量优势,但生育期较长,抽蕾晚,冬春季2月15日移栽可获得高产的同时缩短生育期,但仍需进一步在病区试验种植观察其综合表现。     

镉胁迫下猕猴桃对镉的吸收及转运

在对湖南省猕猴桃成年果园8个猕猴桃品种(金魁、金艳、翠玉、东红、红阳、丰悦、魁蜜、米良一号)镉含量调查分析的基础上，选取镉富集能力有差异的米良一号与金艳猕猴桃进行镉胁迫(5、10、15、20 mg/kg)下对镉的吸收、转运的差异研究。结果表明：成年果园8个猕猴桃品种在土壤中度镉污染(0.9 mg/kg)时，果实镉含量均未超过国家标准值(0.05 mg/kg)；猕猴桃果实成熟期镉含量最高；镉胁迫下，米良一号和金艳镉含量随镉处理浓度增大而上升，且在镉浓度较低情况下富集能力较强；根的镉分配系数最大(＞0.90)，果实的最小，说明猕猴桃主要由根部吸收累积镉；米良一号整株吸收和积累镉量显著高于金艳，但金艳对镉的转移能力强于米良一号，金艳果实镉含量高于米良一号。     

不同花生品种对花生果腐病的抗性鉴定

采用自然病圃鉴定法，对76个花生品种（系）进行了花生果腐病抗性评价，以期为抗病育种及田间病害防 治提供理论依据和抗性材料。结果表明，不同花生品种间对花生果腐病的抗性存在着显著差异，供试76份花生品 种（系）中未发现对果腐病免疫的品种，获得高抗品种2个，抗病品种7个，中抗品种12个，感病品种21个，高感品种 33个。聚类分析结果表明，分支I中的9个品种（尤其是花育9115）抗性较好，可进一步加以利用。花生对果腐病的 抗感性与荚果鲜重之间不存在显著相关。     

Adoption and Impact of Modern Rice Varieties on Poverty in Eastern India

The factors affecting the adoption of modern varieties(MVs) of rice and impact on poverty in Odisha, India were discussed. A total of 363 households from Cuttack and Sambalpur districts of Odisha via multistage sampling technique participated in the survey. The Cragg's Double hurdle model was used to model the determinants of adoption and intensity of adoption of MVs of rice, and the propensity score matching was used to analyze the impact of adoption on poverty. The results showed that age, education, risk aversion, land size, yield, perception of MVs as high yielding, resistant to diseases and availability of MVs positively influenced the decision to adopt. However, variables such as household size, experience of a farmer, off-farm job participation, amount of credit received, cost of seeds, insecticides and fertilizers negatively influenced the adoption of MVs. Intensity of adoption of MVs was negatively influenced by experience of a farmer, cost of fertilizer and marketability of MVs, and positively affected by household size, risk aversion, land size, cost of insecticides, perception of MVs as high yielding and availability of MV seeds. Poverty incidence, gap and severity were high among non-adopters to adopters of MVs. After matching adopters and non-adopters of MV groups using four different algorithms of nearest neighbour matching, stratification matching, radius matching and kernel matching, the impact of MV adoption resulted in higher per capita monthly household expenditure by about US$ 52.82 to US$ 63.17.     

高海拔地区油菜新品种生产适应性筛选

为改善日喀则市高海拔区油菜品种单一、栽培技术落后的问题,加快油菜新品种的示范进度,特选取在拉孜县高海拔地区拉龙村种植油菜新品种。对油菜新品种在高海拔地区进行生产适应性筛选,参试材料为藏油3号、大地95、湘油420三个品种,对照为在当地小油菜(拉孜小油菜),经过一年的新品种生产适应筛选,初步得到了一些鉴定结果,仅供高海拔地区种植这些油菜新品种作参考。